• What is the mitral valve ?

    Prepared by:Dr.Ramy Khalil .MBBCH, University of Australia

    The heart consists of 4 chambers, 2 atriums and 2 ventricles as illustrated in figure one. .

    Read More

  • Aortic Stenosis

    Prepared By Dr. Shama Firdus

    When the Aortic valve of the heart, which is the gateway to the circulation to the whole body, becomes narrow and the blood flow through that valve becomes diminished..

    Read More

  • Breast Cancer Screening

    Prepared by Dr.Mirunalini Arivuchelvan M.D.IMG,Toronto, Canada.

    In the early stages of breast cancer it is difficult to see or feel the tumour. Screening could help in early diagnosis and better treatment options and thus improve quality of life and cure..

    Read More

  • Subclavian Steal Syndrome?

    Prepared by Saad Pervez

    SSS is a relatively uncommon form of peripheral artery disease in which a blockage is present in a critical location within one of the subclavian arteries resulting symptoms that involve both the arm and the brain..

    Read More
  • 1 Plain Stress Test. What is an exercise stress echo test?
  • 2 Exercise Stress Test (Stress test, exercise tolerance test)
  • 3 Electrocardiography Basics & Clinical Applications
  • 4 Another break in the wall. Written by Dina Arrazaghi
  • 5 Cocaine ...simply. your worst enemy. Prepared By:Hamza Khandiya
  • 6 Teenage Pregnancy in Canada - Saad Pervez
  • 7 Hypertension - What is Hypertension?

  • Plain Stress Test. What is an exercise stress echo test?

    What is an exercise stress echo test?

    An echocardiogram (often called an "echo") is a graphic outline of the heart's movement, valves and chambers created from high-frequency sound waves that come from a hand-held wand place on your chest. Echo is often combined with Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler to evaluate blood flow across the heart's valves.

    Read More

  • Exercise Stress Test (Stress test, exercise tolerance test)

    Stress test, exercise tolerance test

    To help in the evaluation of possible coronary artery disease. To determine safe levels of exercise and exercise guidelines, especially if you have angina or other symptoms of coronary disease or heart failure.

    Read More

  • Electrocardiography Basics & Clinical Applications

    Coronary Circulation and Cardiac Conduction System

    The right coronary artery (RCA) originates from the right sinus of Valsalva. It courses down the right atrioventricular grooves and then curves posteriorly towards the crux cordis (where the A-V groove crosses the interventricular groove). It's important branches are the Sinoatrial Node (SA-Node), Atrioventricular Node (AV-Node) and ventricular branches.

    Read More

  • Another break in the wall. Written by Dina Arrazaghi

    Written by Dina Arrazaghi

    Dedicated to every boy or girl and every other human soul who has been exposed to any kind of shape or form of bullying though out the journey of their lives. "Beyourself, Stand tall & put your hands together to make strong fists, and break the wall."-Dina Arrazaghi

    Read More

  • Cocaine ...simply. your worst enemy. Prepared By:Hamza Khandiya

    Prepared By:Hamza Khandiya

    What is Cocaine?Cocaine is a stimulant drug that comes from the leaves of coca plants and is used in a white powder form. This substance is considered to be a schedule two drug because of its many dangers.

    Read More

  • Teenage Pregnancy in Canada - Saad Pervez

    Saad Pervez

    Trends in teenage pregnancy rates are of interest to educators, health care providers, researchers for a variety of reasons including the connection between socio-economic factors and the incidence of teenage pregnancy.

    Read More

  • Hypertension - What is Hypertension?

    Dr. Abdulwahab Arrazaghi

    Hypertension, or elevated blood pressure is a common condition that affects millions of people around the globe characterized by elevated pressure (force of blood pressing against the walls of arteries), and if untreated this will cause serious damage to those vessels, and overtime if blood pressure remains uncontrolled this would lead to increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems.

    Read More

What does Arrhythmia mean ?

Dr. Abdulwahab Arrazaghi

Arrhythmia means an abnormality in the heartbeat (rhythm, or rate, or combined).

Read More

What is a stroke ?

Dr. Abdulwahab Arrazaghi

A stroke is a life-threatening event, in which the brain's vital supply of blood is disrupted.

Read More

  • Pornography addiction

    Pornography addiction has been described as a behavioral addiction characterized by compulsive repeated use of pornographic material until it causes serious negative consequences to one's physical, mental, social, and financial well-being.

    However, the existence of porn addiction has been hotly contested by scientists and clinicians.

    Read More

  • Why Is Smoking Injurious to Health?

    A Message from the Heart to the HeartPrepared by:Prashanthy, Gopal, Medical student (All Saints University,Auruba)Reviewed and revised by Dr.Abdulwahab Arrazaghi(Specialist of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases)University of Toronto, Canada.

    Read More

  • What is diabetes? What causes diabetes?

    Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose (“Blood sugar”) is above the normal range (4.4 to 6.1 mmol/L or 82 to 110 mg/dL). Glucose is needed for energy purposes in our tissues. A constant elevation of glucose in our blood stream, may seriously affect our health.
    Read More
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Like us on Facebook! Click here

 

Aortic Stenosis

A Message from the Heart to the Heart
Prepared by:
Prepared By Dr. Shama Firdus,
IMG-Toronto, Canada Revised by Dr.Abdulwahab Arrazaghi ,
Specialist of Internal medicine and cardiovascular diseases,
University of Toronto, Toronto , Canada

Aortic Stenosis
Definition

  • When the Aortic valve of the heart, which is the gateway to the circulation to the whole body, becomes narrow and the blood flow through that valve becomes diminished.

Causes of Aortic Stenosis:

  • Bicuspid and unicuspid aortic valve by birth
  • Calcification of the valve occurs as a result of wear and tear and atherosclerosis
  • Rheumatic Disease

Pathology

  • Aortic Valve is one of the four valves of the heart.
  • Aorta arises from the left ventricle of the heart which is the strongest chamber of the heart.
  • When the Aortic valve becomes narrow and fails to open up fully during the pumping action of the heart, the less blood is carried to the rest of the body.
  • Consequently the heart has to work harder in order to pump the blood to the rest of the body.
  • Eventually over the period of time heart problems start to appear.

Sign and symptoms

  • Usually occurs with exertion, patient may experience chest pain like angina, sudden and partial/complete and temporary loss of consciousness, shortness of breath in episodes and shortness of breath during night while lying in the bed and swelling in the feet due to the heart failure in advanced and longstanding cases.

Management
Lab tests

  • Following tests confirm the diagnosis of this condition.
  • ECG, Chest X ray, and Echocardiography.

Treatment

  • It has been treated according to the severity of the condition.
  • If there are no symptoms and signs then patients are advised to avoid the exertion. And to be monitored/followed up by serial echocardiography.
  • If the cause of Aortic Stenosis is Rheumatic Fever then Penicillin shot to be given every month for the prevention of Endocarditic (an inflammatory condition of the inner lining of the heart)

If there is symptoms then to be treated accordingly:

  • Treatment of high Cholesterol in the blood.
  • Treatment of High Blood Pressure
  • Treatment of Angina
  • Treatment of Heart Failure
  • Prevention of Stroke
  • Surgical Treatment are indicated when the condition becomes severe and can not be controlled by the medical management.